Building Organizational Culture from the Middle Out, by Jonathan H. Westover PhD
Abstract: This article explores an alternative "middle-out" approach to organizational culture change, where middle managers play a pivotal role in shaping culture from the middle layers of the organization outwards. The paper first defines organizational culture and discusses the limitations of traditional top-down approaches to culture change. It then makes the case for involving middle managers, who can engage staff, translate strategy, and sustain momentum to embed new cultural norms from the middle out. A case study of ABC Corp. illustrates how this middle-out model was applied in practice, with middle managers leading grassroots efforts to drive innovation and continuous improvement. However, the article emphasizes that for this middle-out approach to be effective, it requires visible support and empowerment from senior leaders in the form of resources, a clear mandate, strategic alignment, and ongoing engagement. Overall, the paper argues that combining the grassroots influence of middle managers with high-level coordination from executive sponsors offers a more organic and sustainable way to build organizational culture.
